❶ 什么是及物动词 什么是不及物动词
及物动词
开放分类: 英语、语法
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词。
及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。
如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.文字
其实所谓“及物”,就是后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式,而不及物动词是没有被动式的,也不可直接加宾语,需加上介词。
及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语,一般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。我举一个例子,就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词。又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。
不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语。
例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth。(不能说跑什么东西)
分清及物不及物动词:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
在英语错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:
①a. We study every day.
b. Do you study English every day.
②a. Please write clearly next time.
b. Can you write your composition now?
如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;
*③a. The children are listening the music.
b. The children are listening to the music.
*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.
b. She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:
“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”
“Awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行。
许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:
⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
⑨ In our ecation system, we stress upon examination results.
⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的。
下面是些类似的错误:
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对。
为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:
� I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
� He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.
第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:
� Don't approach such a person.
� Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?
不及物动词
开放分类: 动词、语法、语言、外语、词性
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at….
如:look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing.
Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语)
look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语)
at是小范围 in是大范围
如:
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
分清及物不及物动词:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
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❸ see和look到底怎么用
look是强调看的动作。例:look!it is a bird.see是强调看的结果,强调的看得见看不见。例:i can see a bird.
look后接宾语,必须加介词,但不一定就是at;它还可以独立成句,如Look! The bird can sing.see可以直接接宾语,当着重表示看的过程,则动词用动名词形式,如I just see the child reading the book.
两个单词都是看的意思,但look一般后加介词at,该词侧重在看这一动作;而see+sb/sth即该词可以直接加宾语,且侧重的是看的结果。
❹ 看英语电影 有时演员说一个词意思好像是听着,说的时候单独成句,语气比较坚定,但听上去很像look,
look
[英][lʊk][美][lʊk]
vt.& vi.看,瞧;
vi.注意; 面向; 寻找; 看起来好像;
n.看; (尤指吸引人的)相貌; 眼神; 样子;
int.(插话或唤起注意)喂,听我说;
第三人称单数:looks过去分词:looked复数:looks现在进行时:looking过去式:looked
(以上结果来自金山词霸)
LOOK
[计]一种实时性能测量系统(应用数据研究);
Look
[人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 卢克 Lucas的变体;
以下内容来自网络,仅供参考:
look可用作不及物动词、及物动词和连系动词。现将其用法归纳如下:
1.用作不及物动词,意为“看,望,瞧”。
1)单独使用时,后不跟介词。如:
I looked but saw nothing.我看了,但什么也没看见。
Look! Here comes the bus. 瞧!汽车来了。
Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
2)和at连用。如:
The teacher is looking seriously at us.老师正严肃地看着我们。
Look at these pictures. How beautiful they are!看这些画,它们是多么漂亮啊!
3)和其它某些介词或副词连用:
(1) look after 照看,照料。如:He is old enough to look after himself.他年龄足够大,能照看自己。
(2) look for 寻找。如:I looked for you just now, but I didn’t find you.刚才我到处找你,但没有找到。
(3) look around 四下环顾;到处寻找。如:He looked around but he saw nobody.他四下环顾,但什么人也没看到。
(4) look back on回想,回顾。如:They often look back on the days they spent together. 他们常回顾他们在一起度过的日子。
(5) look down on看不起。如:Don’t look down on others.不要看不起别人。
(6) look forward to 盼望。如:We are looking forward to seeing you again.我们盼望再见到你。
(7) look into朝……里面看。如:He looked into the box, but he saw nothing.他朝箱子里面看了看,但没看到什么。
(8) look on...as把某人看作。如:We look on him as our friends.我们把他看作我们的朋友。
(9) look out当心。如:Look out! Don’t hit the tree. 当心!不要撞了树。
(10) look over仔细检查;翻阅。如:The doctor is looking him over. 医生正在给他做仔细检查。
(11) look through浏览;仔细检查;看穿。如:I have looked it through.我已把它仔细地看了一遍。
(12) look up抬头看;查;找出。如:He looked up and smiled at me.他抬起头,对我笑了笑。If there are words you don’t understand, look them up in the dictionary. 如果你有不认识的单词可以查词典。
2. 用作连系动词,意为“看起来”。
1)后跟形容词。如:You look well/fine/healthy.你看起来很健康。The teacher looks happy. 老师看上去很高兴。She looks pale. 她面色苍白。
2)后跟过去分词。如:You look tired; you’d better have a rest.你看上去很累,你最好休息一下。
3)后跟名词。如:He looks a nice, honest man.他看上去是个诚实的好人。
4) 后跟介词短语等。如:He looks in good health. 他看来十分健康。
3. 用作及物动词,意为“看,瞧,打量”等。如:He is looking me up and down.他上下打量着我。