㈠ 一千字漢語翻譯成英文。高分。急。謝謝。
《從實用語用學角度分析《阿甘正傳》幽默對白》
An analysis of the humorous dialogue of (the film) Forrest Gump from a practical pragmatic angle
摘要：人物對白是電影藝術中重要的組成部分，具有豐富表現力。《阿甘正傳》成功的在語用學層面顯示出了語言設計的專業性與准確性。.
Abstract:
Character dialogue forms the important part of film arts, with rich expressive force. The success of 『Forrest Gump』 has much to do with the pragmatic aspects, which show the professional language design and its accuracy.
關鍵詞：語用學角度 模糊語言 合作原則 人物對白 幽默效果
Key words: pragmatic angle; vague language; cooperative principle; Character dialogue; humorous effects
.正文：《阿甘正傳》公映以來，風靡全球，該片寓意深刻，內涵博大，具有豐富的審美價值。正如經典台詞，一盒千克力，不同的人能吃出不同味道。人們能從不同角度給出多樣的解讀。本文從語用學角度，通過對影片中模糊語言的使用分析，探討片中人物如何違反合作原則，達到幽默效果。
Text: Since the showing of 『Forrest Gump』, it has swept around the world. The Implication of the film is profound and its connotation is great, which has a rich aesthetic value. Just like the classic lines or a box of chocolate, different people will get a different taste. People from different perspectives will translate into different meanings. This paper from the pragmatic perspective, through the use of the film』s vague language analysis to explore how the characters of the film』s violation of the cooperative principle to achieve humorous effects.
1、模糊語言及合作原則。
1、Vague language and cooperative principle
1.1模糊語言模糊語言是指外延不確定、內涵無定指的特性語言。模糊語言具有概括性和靈活性。可以起到含蓄委婉、加強語氣、緩和語氣的作用。
1.1 Vague languageVague language refers to epitaxial unsure, the connotation is not specified language characteristic. Vague language also has the generality and flexibility. It can have a graceful, euphemistic, emphatic tone and moderate tone effects
1.2合作原則美國語言哲學家格萊斯認為,在所有言語交際活動中，為了達到特定目標，說話人和聽話人之間存在一種雙方都應遵守的規則——合作原則。cooperative principle、簡稱cp。具體來說要求每一個交談參與者在整個交談過程中所說的話符合這一次交談目標或方向。合作原則包含：質量原則，關系原則等等。1.2 The cooperative principleAmerican linguistic philosopher Grice thinks that in order to achieve specific objectives, ring all speech communication activities, between the speakers and listeners, which exist a kind of rule comply by both parties — the cooperation principle (CP) . Specifically, it requires every conversation participant in the entire process of conversation, their words in line with the conversation target or direction of this one time. The cooperative principle includes: the quality principle, the relation principle and so on.
2、模糊語言及合作原則在《阿甘正傳》對白分析中的運用。影片中主人公阿甘是一個智商只有75的弱智者。影片對白巧妙運用模糊語言，違反合作原則，從不同側面展示了影片幽默的智慧。2. The dialogue analysis application of vague language and cooperation principle in 『Forrest Gump』.The film』s main character 『Forrest Gump』 who is mentally disabled with an IQ of only 75. The film dialogue』s clever apply of vague language, violation of the cooperative principle, from different sides showing the film』s wisdom of humour.
2.1違反質量准則產生的幽默。教官為豎立威信，問每個人問題，當問到阿甘，「你在軍隊里唯一要做的是什麼？」的時候，阿甘回答"聽從您的指示，長官"。這讓教官非常開心。「阿甘，你是天才，這是最傑出的答案，你的智商一定是160」。
在言語交際中，見面稱贊為了自然得體基本使用模糊語言。這段對白中，教官沒有使用模糊語言而是精確語言，這樣他對阿甘的評價就違背質量准則，因為影片一開始觀眾就知道阿甘智商是75.教官因為聽到了想要的答案，在缺乏證據甚至違背現實的情況下，故意渲染提高阿甘的智商，並且給出具體數值，與現實形成強烈反差，從而讓觀眾覺得諷刺，嘲笑教官的無知。
2.1 Humour proced from the violation of quality criteria.In order to erect prestige, The instructor sergeant asks each person a question, when Forrest Gump was asked, "What is the only thing that you have to do in the army?" Forrest Gump replied: "Listen to your instructions, sir". This made the instructor sergeant rather happy. "Forrest Gump, you are a genius, this is the most outstanding answer, your IQ must be 160".
During the speech communication, in order to meet the basic natural appropriate, praise would use the vague language. In the above dialogue, the instructor sergeant did not use vague language but accurate language, so his evaluation on Forrest Gump was against the quality criteria, because in the beginning of the film, the audience already knew that Forrest Gump』s IQ is 75 and the instructor sergeant heard the answer, which he wanted to hear, in the absence of evidence even against the reality, intentionally over-stated Forrest Gump's IQ, and gave a concrete numerical value, which formed a sharp contrast with reality, so as to let the audience mocked the instructor sergeant and laughed at his ignorance.
2.2阿甘憑借奔跑天賦入選全美明星隊，得到總統接見。阿甘連喝了15瓶汽水，當總到問阿甘「恭喜你，入選明星隊感覺如何？」。阿甘卻答非所問「我想去撒尿。」阿甘的回答讓總統十分尷尬。讓觀眾忍俊不禁。這幽默源於阿甘不著邊際、不和邏輯的回答。從語用學角度看，總統問話在於詢問阿甘成為明星隊員的感受，然而阿甘並沒有推斷出此意圖。由於低智商，使他沒有抓住重點，而是找到與此問話關系最大的信息，回答，「想去撒尿」。違反了關系原則，引起了幽默。
2.2 Forrest Gump entered the United States star team because of his running talent, got the chance to meet the President meet. Forrest Gump drank a total of 15 bottles of soda, when the President asked Forrest Gump: "Congratulations, How do you feel being chosen into the star team?" . But Forrest Gump gave an irrelevant answer: "I want to go to the bathroom."Forrest Gump』s answer made the President rather embarrassed. The audience laughed uncontrollably. This humour came from Forrest Gump』s wide off the mark and illogical answer. From the pragmatic perspective, the question, which the President asked was about how Forrest Gump felt becoming a star team member, but because of Forrest Gump did not dece that intention, e to his low IQ, so that he didn't catch the key point, instead he found an answer with this question relationship's largest information and replied, "want to go to the bathroom". Violated the the principle of relationship, which caused the humor.
結語
人物對白是電影塑造人物形象的重要手段之一，電影源於生活又高於生活，因此成功的對白設計必然與日常生活中語言有關，有存在違反合作原則的情況。如果對話都嚴格遵守合作原則，使用直白的精確語言，那麼效果單調乏味。失去吸引力。沒有幽默感。因此，將語用學的模糊語言及合作原則運用到電影對白的分析中，能幫助我們更多了解電影藝術魅力。另一方面也拓寬了語用學理論的研究領域。
Epilogue
Character dialogue is an important method of characterizing of images of the films, and the films come from life and higher than life. Therefore, a successful dialogue design must be related to the language used in everyday life, which contains the violation of the cooperative principle. If the dialogue strictly abides by the principle of cooperation, using the precise and straightforward language, then the result will be ll, Losing its attraction, without the sense of humor. Thus, applying pragmatic』s vague language and cooperation principle to the movie dialogue analysis, it can help us understand more about the artistic charm of movies. On the other hand, also widened the field of pragmatic theory study.
很高興能夠幫到你，已替你精心精工翻譯了過來，上口即知，與眾不同，是全人手所為，希望會令你滿意。